نشریه مطالعات کارآفرینی و توسعه پایدار کشاورزی
سال هشتم شماره 2 (پیاپی 30، تابستان 1400)

The beekeeping industry is considered one of the axes of agricultural entrepreneurship which, in addition to preserving the ecosystem, leads to economic development. Despite the potentials in this industry and the extent of its effects in the agricultural sector, unfortunately, there are problems in the value chain of the beekeeping industry and bee products. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of identifying the fragility of the value chain of this industry and providing a solution for it to reach invincibility. For this purpose, to analyze the data, the methods of signification research, BCM and TOPSIS have been used. Initially, ten fragile factors were identified using a document library study; Then, the basic criterion method was analyzed and the weight of each of them was obtained. Finally, using calculated weights, the extraction strategies were examined using the TOPSIS method. According to the research findings, the transfer of scientific achievements of educational-research institutes for the practical use of beekeepers through workshops and seminars has the highest score compared to other strategies. Colonies and value chain studies and the creation of executive-operational procedures at the macro and micro levels to establish the value chain of bee-related products are in the second and third positions.

Today, with increasing environmental changes and business environment, the intensity of competition between organizations has increased. Organizational entrepreneurship is a process that enables organizations to withstand challenges and manage complexities. In this regard, the present study investigates the components of entrepreneurial management in the relationship between absorption capacity and organizational entrepreneurship in agricultural cooperatives in Kermanshah. The statistical population of the study included all managers of agricultural cooperatives in Kermanshah (N = 176), using Bartlett table, 110 of them were selected by stratified random sampling with appropriate assignment. The research measurement tool was a standard questionnaire whose validity was assessed using face and convergent validity and its reliability was assessed using combined reliability and Cronbach's alpha. SmartPLS3 and SPSS25 software were used to analyze the data. The results showed that the components of entrepreneurial management (growth strategy, strategic orientation, resource orientation, growth culture, reward philosophy and management structure) moderate the relationship between absorption capacity and organizational entrepreneurship among agricultural cooperatives in Kermanshah. As the effect of absorption capacity on organizational entrepreneurship is greater among agricultural companies that have an entrepreneurial management approach than companies that have a traditional management approach. According to the results, it is suggested that the managers of agricultural cooperatives in order to develop organizational entrepreneurship, it is necessary to provide the necessary educational measures and arrangements in order to increase the entrepreneurial spirit and strengthen their motivation.

The purpose of this article is to identify the internationalization indicators of family businesses. For this purpose, a two-stage qualitative research method including focus group and three-stage Delphi technique was used. The target population consisted of 10 experts with knowledge and experience on the topic of research who were purposefully selected based on snowball sampling method. Data collection tools included semi-structured interviews in focus groups and a questionnaire designed according to the findings of the first stage. By using the MAXQDA software, the collected data were coding, identified and summarized by performing open and axial coding of indicators. Then, using Delphi technique, the indicators were finally approved by experts and in the next step, using selective coding, the final model framework was formed. Based on the results, 11 components and 64 indicators were identified after the end of the third round of Delphi. According to the average obtained from the Delphi triple stages, the most important indicators are the cheap and abundant raw materials, the education of the company's employees in fields related to business and internal competition, and the use of knowledge and experience of competing companies. Also among the least importance were the indicators of long-term investment, diversity in the production of products, and the study of samples of successful products in potential target markets.

The issue of aging has attracted the attention of the world in recent years. To mitigate this issue and have an active and dynamic aging period, aging entrepreneurship was proposed. The purpose of this article is to design an aging entrepreneurship model. The present study was applied in terms of purpose and library-field in terms of data collection method. This research was a qualitative research with a grounded theory approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 11 senior entrepreneurs and academic experts in the field of entrepreneurship using targeted snowball sampling. After performing three steps of open, axial and selective coding, 175 concepts, 33 categories and 6 dimensions were obtained. Findings of the paradigm model showed these variables; personality traits, skills, cognitive factors, human networks, attitudes-motivational as causal factors; policy making, upstream laws and documents as interfering factors; lifestyle, family background, facilities and environmental factors as bed conditions; education and support elderly entrepreneurs as measures and culture making; counseling as strategies and job creation and business creation, economic and social development and reducing government spending and increasing life expectancy and dynamism in old age as the consequences of aging entrepreneurship.

The present study is a descriptive survey that examines the desire of rural women to develop agricultural-oriented businesses in Mazandaran province. The statistical population of this study consisted of 776 women with agricultural-oriented business members in 26 rural women's micro-credit funds in 10 cities of Mazandaran province, of which 260 people were selected as a sample size by stratified random sampling based on Krejcie Morgan table. Factors affecting women's desire to develop by performing four logit regression models. As the results of the research showed, the level of education, being an entrepreneur in the family, participating in training courses, risk-taking spirit and business satisfaction on women's desire to increase knowledge and job skills; Variables such as membership in the fund, number of years of activity, participation in training courses and the level of self-confidence on the desire to create new job opportunities; Risk-taking, the degree of trust and satisfaction of the business on the desire to increase the level of production and the amount of liquidity; The three variables of education, participation in training courses and risk-taking had a positive and significant effect on the willingness to use tools and production technology. The findings also showed that the distance from residence to business has a negative and significant effect on women's desire to create new job opportunities in the village. Utilizing the potential of cyberspace to educate women, using the capacities and services of promoters and experts in the field of agriculture, are the most important suggestions of this research.

The current research was conducted with the purpose of content analysis of the barriers to entrepreneurship ecosystem growth in the context of agricultural higher education system. This study was led with an inductive approach using a qualitative content analysis method. Based on purposive sampling, startup activists were analyzed in two sections of private and public sector. The MAXQDA12 software was used to manage and analyze data. These units were categorized according to their common themes. Finally, based on their correlations, the categories were put into separate classifications called “themes”. According to the findings, the subcomponents of “improper role of government in building ecosystem” and “inefficient leadership” from the component of political barriers; the subcomponents of “cultural problems”, “lack of entrepreneurial thinking” and “copying the world's successful ecosystems” from the component of cultural barriers; the subcomponent of “poor performance of professional institutions supporting entrepreneurship” from the component of supportive barriers; the subcomponents of “improper market atmosphere”, “improper economic condition” and “lack of ecosystem interaction” from the component of market barriers; the subcomponents of “distance from entrepreneur university” and “lack of trained manpower in universities” from the component of human barriers and the subcomponents of “problem of capital and investment” and “excessive reliance on government funding” were found to be of the highest level of importance. Moreover, the components of human barriers was found to have the first priority in preventing the entrepreneurship ecosystem growth.